Multinational Enterprises and Global Economy System

Question: Talk about the Multinational Enterprises and Global Economy System. Answer: Presentation: There are different angles which have changed all the more quickly for Russia in the worldwide economy. During the financial emergency, it was bankrupt and it owed a great deal of cash to the International Monetary Fund more (IMF) than it was available in the remote money saves. Russia has experienced a virtual macroeconomic transformation as it is probably the biggest leaser of United States obligation. The ostensible dollar GDP has reached to more than $2 trillion. During the year 2010, The Ministry of Economic Trade and Development built up a goal-oriented arrangement speaking to the Russian monetary objectives till the time of 2020 (Carnoy et al, 2013). On the off chance that the objectives and destinations are accomplished, at that point Russia will effectively turn into the biggest economy in Europe and furthermore the fifth biggest in the entire world after United States, China, Japan, and India. Russia is one of the powerful individual from the atomic club which has certain jobs and position inside the UN Security Council and in this manner made some impact in the post Soviet condition. During the year 2012, it was discovered that the economy comprises of close to 4.1% of the worldwide economy. The populace has been maturing quickly and furthermore came about in immature and inadequate foundations and the best college present there are positioned at 167th in worldwide evaluations (Myant Drahokoupil, 2011). Russias authority is unreliable and is for the most pa rt worried about the accomplishment of intensity for itself. In such cases the arrangement making method could be useful in strategic endurance instead of key arranging and execution. The decision class individuals of Russia are increasingly centered around the remainders of the Soviet superpower, because of which there has been significant move in world financial matters during the last 20-25 years and moreover debilitated its positions (Newell Paterson, 2010). There has been sure impediment too, which have upset the duty of ensuring the standards in overseeing global relations. The shale gas transformation in worldwide vitality further debilitated the reliance of Europe on Russian gas and this lead to making US showcase out of the political reach of Gazprom (Castells, 2010). The worldwide data and information upset likewise decayed the capacity of the states to set up proper household arrangement plans. The current reports gave some uplifting news for Moscow which has been the European Union emergency. The emergency drew out the reality of past conviction of Kremlin that European undertaking was not economical over the long haul of accomplishment (Dunning Lundan , 2008). Yet the fulfillment is relatively low as on the grounds that in the present, the greatest exchanging accomplice of Russia has been on the edge and there is conceivably no way of Moscow to stand aside on the off chance that the European emergency turns out to be increasingly strange. Be that as it may, Russia additionally joined the WTO which affirmed that its worldwide economy is connected with different angles during this globalization. It will require some investment for the household political angles to change and clear a path for new pioneers to make it effective. This is the explanation behind which Russia can't be named a rising force (Gaddy Ickes, 2010). References Carnoy, M., Loyalka, P., Dobryakova, M., Dossani, R., Froumin, I., Kuhns, K., ... Wang, R. (2013).University development in a changing worldwide economy: Triumph of the BRICs?. Stanford University Press. Castells, M. (2010).End of Millennium: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture|(Vol. 3). John Wiley Sons. Dunning, J. H., Lundan, S. M. (2008).Multinational ventures and the worldwide economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Gaddy, C. G., Ickes, B. W. (2010). Russia after the worldwide budgetary crisis.Eurasian Geography and Economics,51(3), 281-311. Myant, M., Drahokoupil, J. (2011).Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Wiley. Newell, P., Paterson, M. (2010).Climate private enterprise: a dangerous atmospheric devation and the change of the worldwide economy. Cambridge University Press.

Obsessive compulsive disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Over the top urgent issue - Essay Example Over the top urgent issue (OCD) is a mental encounter considered an Axis 1 dysfunctional behavior in the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). As indicated by the DSM OCD is characterized as either an individual being fixated on a point or idea or constrained to think specific contemplations or to attempt specific activities. Fixations can be characterized as repetitive and determined considerations, pictures of driving forces that are experienced during the OCD experience, and these are seen as being meddlesome and improper and for the most part cause trouble or potentially tension to the individual encountering them (March, 2006; Salkovskis et al., 2000; Wroe and Salkovskis, 2000). Regular troubling musings, activities or verbalizations might be sexual in nature (10%), moral/strict/impious (11%), forceful (29%), sullying ailment (46%), or to do with evenness and arrangement (27%) (Matthews, Reynolds, and Derisley, 2006). These extreme musings, driving forces and pictures are not simply over worrying about everyday life, for as the individual attempts to stifle or dissipate such considerations, motivations or pictures or endeavors to enhance them with different contemplations, pictures or activities, they can't smother or disperse their experience. ... nuously watching that an entryway is bolted, or monotonous mental acts, for example, supplicating or checking, brings about the individual inclination headed to attempt the conduct of thought by an inflexible arrangement of rules (Rosack, 2004). The practices and mental acts forestall or lessen the nervousness and pain that is experienced, on the other hand, the considerations and practices may restrain a feared occasion from happening. Fixations and impulses cause critical misery, can take up a significant part of the individual's time during the day, and can drastically meddle with their ordinary daily schedule in regular daily existence, for example, repressing them from completing their work job or taking care of scholastic examinations (Simonds, Thorpe, and Elliott, 2000). Encounters likewise adversely influence their capacity to take part in social exercises or to have satisfying connections. Furthermore, on the off chance that another Axis 1 psychological maladjustment is available, at that point the substance of the fixations and additionally impulses may not be limited to it; for instance, being engrossed with food when a dietary problem is likewise present. Hollander, Cohen and Stein (2005) classifies one sort of OCD encounters as redundant practices that are driven by delight or excitement, for example, neurotic betting, as the demonstration of betting includes hazard and prize. In an examination by Anholt and partners (2004) a correlation of the broken convictions of those with analyzed OCD and members analyzed as neurotic card sharks or frenzy issue, and a gathering of ordinary controls. Convictions were estimated utilizing the Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs Questionnaire-87 (OBQ-87). It was foreseen that the obsessive speculators would have comparable comprehensions to the OCD gathering; and have significant levels of OCD indications. The outcomes demonstrated that the OCD gathering and the betting gathering had comparative OBQ-87 scores;

How to Become More Creative

How to Become More Creative The value of entrepreneurship is being widely recognized by business executives of large multinational companies as well as startups. It is becoming known that entrepreneurship is an effective way of making a company, product or service stand out in the confusion of choices that consumers are exposed to.Entrepreneurship is the process that starts with conceptualization of novel ideas by individuals or companies (groups of individuals). This is followed by choosing the most promising idea, evaluation, validation and then implementation of the idea. As is evident, the most important and baseline factor of entrepreneurship is the creative thought that starts the whole process.Creativity is the pure essence of entrepreneurship and distinguishes it from traditional business techniques. However, this leads one to ask: Are there any practices that can spark or boost creative thought? Can an entrepreneur get help, inspiration or insight from any source? © Shutterstock.com | Kuttelvaserova StuchelovaThis articles aims to find the answers to these questions. We will look at 1) an introduction to creativity, 2) why creativity matters, and 3) how to become more creative.INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVITYWhat is Creativity?Creativity is the practice or art of converting imagination into reality. It is a two-step process, first thinking of a novel idea (imagination) and then putting it into practice. A creative person perceives the surrounding environment in a different way from others, finds hidden connections among unrelated objects or phenomena. The aim of all this is to ultimately find a solution for a problem.Creativity is closely connected to the concept of “novelty”. It involves thinking of something that is different from otherwise available products or services, even if in the least possible way. This could be a new way of handling things, a new methodology, or even a new product. Creativity makes the unknown to be known, the non-ex istent to exist.In today’s rapidly changing demographical, political, and economic state, no entrepreneur, as an individual or as a company, can succeed without recognizing that change and its associated problems and risk factors can be converted into opportunities. It is the job of an entrepreneur to recognize problems or opportunities and then to devise (create) a way valuable solutions. Entrepreneurship â€" Creativity â€" InnovationWhen we talk about the link between the three, we find that it is rather difficult to draw lines between these very closely related entities. Creativity, as discussed earlier, is the skill to perceive and develop a new solution to a problem. It is very important in an entrepreneurial endeavor in that it is the first step on the ladder. It is the prerequisite of innovation, which is the creation of a new venture. Creativity is a necessary part, but without innovation, it is just imagination. Innovation is taking those ideas to the next level: exploita tion for gaining commercial profits. In a way, innovation is the successful implementation of creative imagination, and a combination of both is entrepreneurship.WHY CREATIVITY MATTERSCreativity gives a higher chance of success than intelligence.Are you intelligent? Are you good at calculating, or you are a tech genius? But are you creative enough? Are you good at connecting dots that don’t usually align? Intelligence and technical skills definitely give you an edge in the workplace, helping you manage your business and doing the tasks faster and better. However, to be able to imagine and create, a new venture needs something more. In your entrepreneurial endeavor, your intelligence might help you at later stages of managing your business, but in order to create something new, innovation will come in handy.You can rely on creativity on the uncertain path of entrepreneurship.So many people waste their time and energy in trying to control outcomes. So many of them learn the hard way that it is an illusion, and the earlier it is realized the better. The core of entrepreneurship lies in taking risks and not knowing how things will turn out. Creative thought can “equip” an entrepreneur with the required flexibility and imagination. Uncertainties do not follow any rules, so the best way to tackle them is to find a rather “moldable” way to deal with them, like creativity. Not knowing the outcome can be frightening, but an entrepreneur embraces it and it becomes an opportunity for him to excel.Creative thinking makes great entrepreneurs.Creativity is not only an important ingredient of entrepreneurship; it is also associated with entrepreneurial success. It enables the entrepreneur to steer the company in the direction of growth. Creativity increases the ability to adapt to the unknown and embrace change in the form of technology, customer preferences and business trends. Today’s business success comes by tapping the untapped areas, be it new markets, intr oducing new products/services, or changing processes or methodologies. All of these come with risks, but offer equal opportunities for those who seek success.Creativity is the principal function of three elements.There are some basic factors that boost creative processes in an individual. People tend to be more creative mainly by internal forces like motivation, a direct interest, or the passion to take up challenges. The inherent wish to stand out among others or solve a problem that no one else has is a strong factor in creative thinking.In summary, three constituent factors in creative process are expertise, the basic skill of creativity, and motivation. Expertise Expertise includes the person’s ability that comes with specific knowledge or a specific technical skill. It is the basic education and learning that the person is equipped with that helps him in his creative endeavors. After all, more knowledge and expertise helps in a detailed observation of how things are done in an industry, ultimately allowing one to think in different creative ways. Skills of creative thinking Creative thinking, the basic element of creativity, enables the person to approach a problem in different ways such that a viable and potentially beneficial solution comes out of it. Creative thinking in turn depends upon several other factors like personality, inherent creative skill, knowledge of creativity boosters, etc. Motivation Motivation is the internal desire and drive to excel and do something different. If a person is motivated, he/she can endure the challenges and risks associated with it and the work pressure rather becomes enjoyable. The higher the motivation level, the higher the drive to create something substantial.HOW TO BECOME MORE CREATIVEIt has been debated whether a person is inherently creative or whether creativity can be learned. Creativity should be perceived as a skill and not as a talent: a skill that can be learned, improved, worked upon and polished.T he Creativity ProcessAlthough creativity could be a random activity, some definite steps have been reported in the literature for directing it, resulting in a better outcome. These steps are described below:1. PreparationThis stage involves identifying the problem and gathering as much information available in every dimension possible. It is the homework stage of the steps to follow. This is a very important stage as it is the first step of the creative process. There is no fruitful outcome if there is a misstep, so think again: Did you even choose the right problem to work on? Do you have enough information needed to solve it?2. IncubationAt this stage, the person’s mind directs all energy, consciously and subconsciously, toward the problem, gathering different ideas about how to fix them. This stage is like connecting the invisible dots and making a pathway that was previously non-existent.The incubation stage is immensely affected by the hustle and bustle of daily life. The con stantly buzzing mind, which is involved in daily chores, seldom finds the space to work up an idea. Peace of mind is definitely required in order to encourage the creative mind to keep working.3. IlluminationIllumination is that insightful moment when the creative idea leaves the subconscious mind and enters the realm of awareness. This stage is associated with solution finding and a clear picture of what a person intends to do. It is a reward for the time spent building an idea. When you find a jewel of a strong idea, you suddenly have a strong urge to bring it to life, and interestingly, this happens only if it was generated in the true essence of creativity.4. VerificationThis stage is meant to crosscheck the idea for its viability. What seems to be doable and profitable in the mind might not be so in real life. This requires verification, elaboration and then application. The idea should be appropriate and be able to connect to the target consumers. Verification could be done by asking some questions and by soliciting feedback from the team or trusted peers.Put the Creativity Process to WorkAs much as the innate “talent” of creativity can help a person, it can be enhanced as a skill, and there a variety of practices which help in doing so. As Sir Ken Robinson rightfully said, “Everybody has tremendous creative capacities”.Creativity is more like a process and rarely comprises a single eureka moment. Everyone is innately capable to step up to that process. So we can actually “practice” creativity, or make ourselves more creative, by following these steps:1. Establish a creative work environment.Environment plays an important role in stimulating or inhibiting creative impulses. A creative environment acts like a support system; it promotesrelaxation and ultimately cushions creative thoughts. This is why huge companies like Google and Facebook are doing next-level investments in providing their employees with a very fun, relaxing environmental set ting similar to a playground for grown-ups. The purpose is to provide a comfortable and relaxing zone where ideas can be easily vocalized. In such an environment, even unusual and bizarre ideas are appreciated because it is in the midst of those ideas that some really great ideas with potential for success are created and nurtured.It has been proven through studies that an “untidy” or messy environment can help boost creativity. In such experiments, different groups were placed in messy as well can clean and tidy environments. It was observed that group performance in a messy room was significantly better than those in a clean room. A messy room promotes the formation of random, unstructured thoughts that ultimately lead to creative ideas, whereas a structured and tidy place rarely promotes going beyond structure and norm.2. Merge different disciplines to generate wonderfully creative ideas.Running out of ideas? Some really great output can be obtained by merging dots that are n ot generally connected. Combining fields that do not usually go together can be very innovative. This has also been proven by a study in which people provided with more related words were unable to make up creative stories than those who were assigned unrelated words. This technique is also known as fusing ideas. Some exercises that can help in fusing unrelated ideas are given below:Connect remote things: For example, pick up two books, select a certain page and a certain word and then make up a story of how they are or can be connected.Find an analogy: Pick up a product and keenly observe it for its properties. Explain in detail its attributes and characteristics. For example, a knife can be described as ‘sharp’ and ‘metallic’ or it can also be identified as something that requires downward pressure to cut a thing. The next step is to find out how these attributes can help in solving the problem.Meet different people, try to imagine being in their place: Meeting or working with people who are like you, are in the same profession or are close to you can be comforting. Imagining yourself belonging to a different profession or switching places with someone you just met can help you to have a different perspective of problems and finding solutions.3. Creativity needs both structure and flexibility.It is questionable whether creativity flourishes in more structure or more flexibility. The truth is it takes a mixture of both to create an optimal environment.Structure has both encouraging and discouraging impacts on creativity. On one hand, if someone adheres to structure, follows rules and routine, the brain cannot process the random thinking that helps in finding new solutions. However, some structure is important to give a sense of direction, goal and ambition. Knowing what someone wants to achieve helps in devising strategies to reach the goal.4. Ask smart and appropriate questions.Questions lead to answers, but asking a smarter question will give you an even more interesting answer. This is what led to the creation of Starbucks and Instagram. Their owners asked themselves simple yet intriguing questions, ultimately leading to the creation of amazing platforms.Some techniques mentioned in literature for practicing asking smart questions are:Start with one question, do not overthink, and make 10 variations of it.Make up alternative questions to get to the right one.Tackling a problem in a different way needs a different perspective.Get your hands on all the information available to be able to think differently.Take one problem, and ask people from different origins or ethnicities what their take would be on that. Compare your perspective with theirs.5. Test yourself with the 30 Circles Test.This creativity exercise was designed by Bob McKim and explained by Tim Brown in his TED Talk Creativity and Play. In this playful exercise, you need to draw 30 circles on paper, and in one minute you need to assign objects to the circles. Most a dults cannot assign more than a few circles. Children are good at such things because adults are self-critical and have a desire to be original. The goal of the exercise is to create more diverse connections among things that could ultimately help in the creation of ideas.6. Learn something new regularly sign up often for a course absolutely new to you.Always being open to learning something new helps to keep you flexible and open to new ideas. Creativity also thrives best when a person leaves his comfort zone. There are plenty of courses both online and in evening education programs with the purpose of giving an informal education for beginners.7. Expect to be creative at atypical times.Everyone has optimal times, like morning or evening, for working out complicated cognitive assignments. However, these are not necessarily the best times for creative tasks. A study showed that creativity-related tasks are more easily performed when someone is least alert. This phenomenon has been explained by Professor Sian Beilock of the University of Cambridge. He says, “Sometimes people’s ability to think about information in new and unusual ways can actually be hampered when they wield too much brainpower”.8. Walk when you need ideas.A couple of things that could activate creative flair are going for a walk and getting yourself bored. Walking is one way of activating the creative stimuli by increasing the blood flow to the brain and increasing visual stimuli that cannot be achieved behind a desk. Like walking, boredom could possibly be linked with some creative boosts. Some studies have indeed shown that despite being mostly associated with some negative connotations, boredom has a positive impact on creative thinking.9. Engage and encourage your team.Nothing can replace the value of engaging the whole team in a task. It gives you multiple perspectives about a task or an idea, helping to refine the idea and crosschecking it before putting into practice. It also mot ivates the team by giving them a sense of ownership and by showing that their opinion is valued.Creativity is the core of an entrepreneurial endeavor. Without a creative boost, an entrepreneur can only dream of success. This article helps in understanding how to enhance creative flair. If someone “thinks” that he or she is not creative, they can surely put creativity to work by following some simple routine tasks. You cannot just sit back at the desk and wait for the aha moment your whole life. It requires getting up and doing something. The good part is it is not rocket science, but involves activities like walking down the street or just cluttering your desk. However, you might have to try out different things, but at the end of the day you might hit the jack pot and build an idea that is worth putting into action.

Organize Crime Committed by a Group - 1908 Words

Organized crimes can be defined and labeled as many forms of criminality, but in an overall perspective; organized crime is the action if illegal activities that is committed by a criminal organization or group, typically working together to accomplish a certain or general goal. Organized crime can also be associated with Racketeering, which means the association or involvement in any illegal actions that is criminal. Racketeering can be displayed as having an illegal business, threat involving murder, extortion, kidnapping, bribery, counterfeiting, mail or wire fraud, white slave traffic, drug trafficking, money laundering, illegal gambling information, embezzlement from pension and welfare funds, and or even obstruction of justice or criminal investigation. Over the years nationally, the phenomenon of organized crime have gotten worse nationally. So in 2000 the United Nations decided to broaden the definition to label the most serious committing crimes that are transnational in nat ure; nationwide to cover more unfamiliar criminal groups such as mafia type of organizations. A transnational or international crime would be a crime that is committed in more than one state, committed in one state but part of its planning or control takes place in another state, or a crime can be done in one state but involves a criminal group that takes part in illegal activities in more than one state. Some examples of transnational offenses are insurance fraud, fraudulentShow MoreRelatedCriminial Acts and Choices848 Words   |  4 Pagesshares the same values and beliefs. This model works on the assumption that when people form as a society they will have the same morals and beliefs. They come to an agreement of what are the general norms and values. 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Essay on Wife of Bath Prologues vs Tale - 988 Words

The ideas and theories which the Wife of Bath provides in her prologue demonstrate many of the same ideas and theories displayed in her tale. Although in her tale there are a few idealistic changes. In both the prologue and the tale, women start off as empowered beings. At the end of the prologue the Wife of Bath ends up being in a demeaning position yet the end of the tale may be interpreted in two ways. One of the first points brought up in both the prologue and tale is the idea that sex is meant for reproduction and is used as justification in situations which society frowns upon. In the prologue, the Wife of Bath argues that having five husbands is not wrong because God wants men and women to reproduce. This justifies her being†¦show more content†¦Nearing the end of the year he has not found the answer but comes upon a ‘hag’ who has the answer. She agrees to share the answer with him but makes him promise to give himself to her as compensation. The hag, in the tale, making the Knight give her something for a simple answer coincides with the idea in the prologue that everything has a price. In the prologue, the Wife of Bath believes strongly that everything has a price, including marriage. She feels as though she fully understands the economy of marriage and has used her assets to the full extent. She explains how she used her body to gain power and wealth. In the prologue she explains that she is aware that one day her looks will go and she will no longer be able to use her body for profit. Although once this happens, she plans and hopes to use her mind to attract and manipulate men which is exactly what the hag in the tale accomplished. The hag succeeded in using her mind to trap the Knight into marriage even though once he got what he wanted from her he wanted to throw her away. Although throughout most of the tale the Wife of Bath is best compared to the hag, in the sense of dismissing someone once you have gotten wha t you want from them she is quite similar to the Knight. In the tale, the Knight avoided having his head cut off by answering the King’s wife with ‘women want to be in charge of their husbands.’ This is the answer which the old hag had given him. After being given his freedom, theShow MoreRelated Canterbury Tales Essay - Sexuality in The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner1711 Words   |  7 PagesSexuality in The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, an eclectic mix of people gathers together at Tabard Inn to begin a pilgrimage to Canterbury. In the General Prologue, the readers are introduced to each of these characters. Among the pilgrims are the provocative Wife of Bath and the meek Pardoner. These two characters both demonstrate sexuality, in very different ways. 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The foundation of all acts for good purposes is an observation, namely to see whether or not the Moon is in a good condition, and is safe from [aspect with] Saturn, Mars and from combustion withRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 Requirements vs. actual [5.3] Chapter 17 Agile PM 6.1.2.2 Rolling wave This page intentionally left blank Project Management The Managerial Process The McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series Operations and Decision Sciences OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Beckman

Stem Cell Research Persuasive Speech Free Essays

I. Introduction: A. Thesis: I’m here today to convince you that we should continue to use stem cell research treat human disease and abnormalities. We will write a custom essay sample on Stem Cell Research Persuasive Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. Claims: 1. Claim 1: To begin, stem cells have the ability cure thousands of people. 2. Claim 2: I’ll show you that the potential of stem cells are endless and committing to research can only prove so much more. 3. Claim 3: Finally, I’ll also explain to you how the plasticity of stem cells can treat such a wide range of disease. II. Body: A. Claim 1:†¦ To begin, stem cells have the ability cure thousands of people. . Evidence 1: To begin, in a 2007 issue of the National Right to Life News, therapy has saved the lives of victims of myeloma and congestive heart failure. The treatment would have stem cells travel through their bloodstream into their bone marrow to establish a disease free immune system. 2. Evidence 2: In addition, stem cell therapy has revealed beneficial effects on the regeneration of impaired heart muscles according to Alex Martin’s 2012 article Stem Cell- Therapy-Saving Lives one Heart at a Time. This therapy has the ability to reduce the chance of heart failure and can restore all the parts necessary to a damaged heart. B. Claim 2: Next, is that the potential of stem cells are endless and committing to research can only prove so much more. 1. Evidence 1: In fact,the website for the National Institutes of Health resource for research states that stem cells may replicate many times unlike muscle, blood, or nerve cells. This means they are capable for long-term self-renewal, meaning these cells can divide and renew themselves for very long periods of time. 2. Evidence 2: Also, in 2009, the Internet Journal of Bioengineering explained how stem cells can go from unspecialized to specialized cells that have the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of cells. These cells are proving to be the mainstay of rengerative medicine. C. Claim 3: My final point is explain to you how the plasticity of stem cells can treat such a wide range of disease. 1. Evidence 1: First, in a 2012 issue of the Las Vegas Review Journal, scientists have started banks for umbilical cord blood stem cells which are a rich source of stem cells, being able to repair or even replace damaged cells in the human body. . Evidence 2: Additionally, Mark Anstead has written in a 2011 issue of Mail on Sunday about the ability of stem cells to treat a genetic blood condition known as sickle cell disease. Through blood transfusion, stem cells were transplanted into the patient’s bone marrow and within days, his bloodstream was populated with healthy new red cells and no longer has to take his medication. . III. Conclusion: A. Thesis: Today, I’ve tried to convince you that we should continue to use stem cell research treat human disease and abnormalities. B. Claims: 1. Claim 1: First, I showed you that stem cells have the ability cure thousands of people. 2. Claim 2: Next, I told you how the potential of stem cells are endless and committing to research can only prove so much more. 3. Claim 3: Finally, I showed you how the plasticity of stem cells can treat such a wide range of disease. List of Sources Used Author: Townsend, Liz Title of article: â€Å"Survivors Speak Out: Adult Stem Cells Save Lives. † Title of publication: National Right to Life News Title of database: Academic Search Premier Year: 2007 Author: Anstead, Mark Title of article: â€Å"Pioneering stem cell treatment saves the life of sickle cell victim. † Name of publication: Mail on Sunday Title of database: Academic Search Premier Year: 2011 Author: Madan, Natasha, Neeraj Madan, Pankaj Bajaj, Neelam Gupta, and Shweta Yadav Title of article: â€Å"Stem Cells – A Scope For Regenerative Medicine. † Name of publication: Internet Journal of Bioengineering Title of database: Academic Search Premier Year: 2009 Author: Martin, Alex and Francesca Coxe Title of article: â€Å"Stem Cell Therapy – Saving Lives one Heart at a Time. † Title of website: MetroMD Year: 2012 Author: ARACONTENT Title of article: â€Å"Umbilical cord stem cells provide life-saving treatment for children. † Title of publication: Las Vegas Review-Journal Year: 2012 Author: no author Title of article: â€Å"What are the unique properties of all stem cells? â€Å" Title of website: Stem Cell Information: The National Institutes of Health resource for stem cell research Year: 2009 How to cite Stem Cell Research Persuasive Speech, Essays

The Moral Dilemma in the Movie Boomerang

Introduction There are several philosophers, but each approached the field different. Generally, philosophical problems were addressed through theories by philosophical scholars.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Moral Dilemma in the Movie Boomerang – Views of David Hume and Kant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are different scholars, for instance, David Hume and Kant. These scholars developed different theories to addressed different philosophical dilemmas, for example, moral dilemma in the movie has different perspectives from both Kant and David Hume. There are codes of conduct that are expected of people in the society to ensure peaceful coexistence and minimization of conflicts. In a society, people tend to have different perspectives on moral behaviours leading to a dilemma. Similarly, this arose between Kant and David Hume in analyzing the moral dilemma in the movie boomerang. Moral dilemma arising from the movie is viewed differently by different philosophers among them David Hume and Kant. This paper highlights the different perspectives to the moral dilemma in the movie by David Hume and Kant. Boomerang directed by Elia Kazan in 1947 is about a murder of a priest, Lambert that occurred in real life. The movie reveals that the murderer of the minister wore a dark coat and light hat, but after investigation the murderer was not certain. The murder leads to criticism of the government because even after intense investigation, the government is not able to find the murderer. Moreover, the case had seven witnesses who witnessed the murder but the government could not still identify the killer of the minister. Attorney Henry Harvey later suggested that FBI should be brought into the case to assist in investigation after convincing Chief of Police not to resign from his position due to pressure (McCarthy 67). Later, an ex-serviceman, Waldron matches the description of the murderer and is held by the police. His gun also matches the gun that shot the minister. He is forced to confess and sign and later denies before the attorney and judges that he was forced to confess. Waldron had left town after breaking with a waitress and it was during that time that the minister was shot. After consideration of the witnesses evidence, and defense by Waldron, the attorney declares him innocent as charged, but several government officials especially in the judiciary opposes his decision (McCarthy 96).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are different theories developed by Kant and David Hume and they have different perspectives in analyzing the movie Boomerang philosophically. Moral dilemma analysis of the movie Boomerang wholly revolves around murder of a minister, Lambert, which is unsolved because the killer has not been brought to justice. In analyzing the mo ral dilemma in the movie, Boomerang, theory developed by David Hume, utilitarianism and Kantian ethics conflict in perspective. Philosophical, people constantly asks for the right decision while making choices. According to utilitarianism, means justify the ends; results are determined by actions, but not motives or intentions (McCarthy 103). In the movie, Boomerang after declaring Waldron innocent, the attorney is faced with opposition from different people especially his party members. According to the attorney, the accused is innocent with regards to his defense and witnesses reports and statements. It appeared as if he was being implicated in the case. However, judge in the attorney’s chamber reminds him that he hope his decision is not political despite being groomed for the governor’s position (McCarthy 132). However, according to Harris who grooms him for the position, conviction of Waldron is essential for their party win, but Henry, the attorney insists on his ruling. Furthermore, Harris reminds him that he might end up loosing the election hence governorship position. Harris is mainly concerned with his business interest in selling a land to the government, which he suspects might not be purchased by the new government in case they loose the election. Henry tries to make a call to report Harris, but he draws a gun and informs him of his wife’s transaction on the same land. Later, Henry appeals on his decision and reverses his judgment on Waldron because he considered impact of the new government in case they lost the election and considered convicting Waldron to enable them win the elections (McCarthy 137). According to utilitarianism theory, the means that have been used to win the election and form the next government is immoral. The attorney reverses his decision after declaring Waldron innocent so that his party can win election and protect interests of both his wife and party members. It is good to succeed in undertakings, b ut the means used by the attorney to ensure his party wins the election is immoral because despite Waldron’s innocence, he reverses his decision. Moreover, the waitress tries to implicate Waldron so that he can be convicted despite weak evidence (McCarthy 142).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Moral Dilemma in the Movie Boomerang – Views of David Hume and Kant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Kantian ethics argues that end result does not rely or depends on the means, that is, outcome of an action is not important in determination of the end result whether it was just or not, but the most important aspect is the result obtained. Kantian ethics is mainly concerned with the result, but not how the results were achieved. The most important aspect according to this theory is results and not actions that necessitated achievements of the respective results. According to Kant, motive was the most important aspect in judging an action’s morality (McCarthy 151). In the movie, Boomerang, it highlights about unsolved murder of a minister, Lambert. There are seven witnesses who try to implicate the accused unsuccessfully. However, since the attorney is being groomed for the governorship position, he is forced to change his decision and consider his wife’s interests and party members. His party fear rule by new government due to their selfish interests and gains. The attorney reverses his decision and considers formation of government by opponents, and his party wins the election. According to the Kantian ethics, end does not rely on the means. Though the attorney uses immoral means to ensure his party wins the elections, according to Kantian ethics, it is moral because the ultimate goal, winning the election has been achieved. Moreover, the waitress tries to implicate Waldron to ensure that he is convicted because he left her. Though it is immoral, but according to Kantian ethics it is moral because the ultimate goal, conviction have been achieved (McCarthy 165). Utilitarianism theory and Kantian ethics tend to oppose each other conceptually. Generally, these theories by David Hume and Kant contradict in analysis of the moral dilemma in the movie, Boomerang. According to analysis by Kantian ethics, morality of an action is determined by the motives of the respective action. On the other hand, utilitarianism theory developed by David Hume disregards actions’ motives in determining its morality. Basically, according to the Kantian ethics, a moral action is one that is compelled by an obligation while utilitarianism considers action that benefit majority as moral (McCarthy 180).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Utilitarianism theory and Kantian ethics have different perspectives on similar moral dilemmas due to differentials in analysis concept. Though these theories are conflicting in analysis of moral dilemmas due to differentials in arguments, both are important in analysis of different moral dilemmas because either theories may effectively analyze a moral dilemma depending on its nature. Kantian ethics and utilitarianism appear as opposite, but both seek virtuous life in the long run despite the conflict in concept. Utilitarianism may be the most appropriate theory for one situation, but not to all; while Kantian ethics may be best suited for another where utilitarianism is not effectively applicable. Works Cited McCarthy, Fabrice. The Worlds of Hume and Kant. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1967. Print. This essay on The Moral Dilemma in the Movie Boomerang – Views of David Hume and Kant was written and submitted by user Jaden Santos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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terracotta warriors essays

terracotta warriors essays Since the unearthing of the 8th world wonder, many new worth while discoveries have been made about Chinas first emperor and the Chinese civilization. The 7,000(and rising) life size terracotta warriors were discovered by a local farmer digging a well. The Terracotta Warriors were made during the rule of Emperor Qin Shi Huang- the first emperor to rule the whole of China in its known history. The terracotta warriors were crafted and then fired in a kiln 100s at a time by the citizens and craftsmen inside of the Qin Empire. Terra Cotta warriors were both beneficial and detrimental to Chinese culture. Even now, archeologists are excavating the site of the life like warriors. The 2000 year old Terracotta Warriors are one of Chinas largest attractions. With out its tourism, China would not be as famous as it is today. So the terracotta warriors in all are very helpful to China. They give people jobs on the excavation sites. They give a large amount of tourism, and are a national symbol of China. The uncovering of Chinas terracotta warriors has helped Chinas tourism very much. There are over 7000 terracotta statues, each one different from the last. All of them are helping China with its economy. The figurines consist of horses, archers, foot soldiers, and mounted soldiers (on horses). The details go into a great deal of unnecessary extent, even though it helps the economy with tourists now. All of the soldiers are life size, made completely out of terracotta mud. They all face east (the direction of the entrance) in battle positions. There were also auto firing crossbows placed i n the tunnels of both the terracotta warriors and Emperor Qin Shi Huangs Mausoleum that would fire when triggered by intruders.(2.) Emperor Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of unified China. Qin was a great leader from the start, and without him China would not be what it i ...

Linguistic and Conversational Repairs

Linguistic and Conversational Repairs In conversation analysis, repair is the process by which a speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction. Also called speech repair,  conversational repair, self-repair, linguistic repair, reparation, false start, accommodation, and restart. A linguistic repair may be marked by a hesitation and an editing term (such as, I mean) and is sometimes regarded as a type of dysfluency. The term repair in the linguistic sense was introduced by Victoria Fromkin in her article The Non-Anomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterances, published in Language, March 1971. Examples and Observations Well, I think it’syou know, I think this has gone beyond, as it were, Al Qaida as a specific network. I mean, this isthere is no central command in this ideology, the way that, you know, you would normally describe one unit ofthat leads an operation. It’s not like that.(Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, CNN interview, Dec. 8, 2008)We dont really move. I mean, wed like to, but my mom is sort of attached to the house. Attached is, I guess, not the right word. Shes pretty much wedged in.(Johnny Depp as Gilbert in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, 1993)If I need to stand up in front of an audience and give a speech and its an audience full of educated people from all walks of life, then I would feel embarrassed about not using correct grammar. I wouldnt want to stand in front and say, She dont . . . or He dont . . .. I wouldnt want to say that. But the thing is that I say it so much that its like I know I would say it at a time that I probably shouldnt say it. But the thi ng is that what I try to do is when I say that in certain circles, I try to correct myself and I find myself thinking in the middle of my sentences, What word do I say next? Which verb agreement am I supposed to use?(Reia, quoted by Sonja L. Lanehart in Sista, Speak!: Black Women Kinfolk Talk About Language and Literacy. University of Texas Press, 2002) Self-Repair and Other-Repair Repairs are variously classified as self-repair (corrections, etc. made by speakers themselves responsible), vs. other-repair (made by their interlocutors); as self-initiated (made by a speaker without querying or prompting) vs. other-initiated (made in response to querying or prompting).(P.H. Matthews, Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics, 1997)Cordelia Chase: I just dont see why everyones always picking on Marie-Antoinette. I can so relate to her. She worked really hard to look that good, and people just dont appreciate that kind of effort. And I know the peasants were all depressed.Xander Harris: I think you mean oppressed.Cordelia Chase: Whatever. They were cranky.(Charisma Carpenter and Nicholas Brendon in Lie to Me. Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 1997) Types of Repair Sequences Self-initiated self-repair: Repair is both initiated and carried out by the speaker of the trouble source.Other-initiated self-repair: Repair is carried out by the speaker of the trouble source but initiated by the recipient.Self-initiated other-repair: The speaker of a trouble source may try and get the recipient to repair the troublefor instance if a name is proving troublesome to remember.Other-initiated other-repair: The recipient of a trouble source turn both initiates and carries out the repair. This is closest to what is conventionally called correction. [T]here are four varieties of repair sequences:(Ian Hutchby and Robin Wooffitt, Conversation Analysis. Polity, 2008) Repairs and the Speech Process One of the ways that linguists have learned about speech production is through the study of repair. The early seminal studies of Fromkin argued that a variety of speech errors (neologisms, word substitutions, blends, misordered constituents) demonstrated the psychological reality of phonological, morphological and syntactic rules and provided evidence for ordered phases in speech production. Such studies have also suggested that although speakers have no little or no overt access to their own speech processes, they are able to continuously monitor their own speech, and if they detect a problem, to then self-interrupt, hesitate and/or use editing terms, and then make the repair. (Deborah Schiffrin, In Other Words. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006) The Lighter Side of Self-Repair With stealthy steps he crept to the head of the stairs and descended.One uses the verb descend advisedly, for, what is required is some word suggesting instantaneous activity. About Baxters progress from the second floor to the first there was nothing halting or hesitating. He, so to speak, did it now. Planting his foot firmly on a golf-ball which the Hon. Freddie Threepwood, who had been ​practicing putting in the corridor before retiring to bed, had left in his casual fashion just where the steps began, he took the entire staircase in one majestic, volplaning sweep. There were eleven stairs in all separating his landing from the landing below, and the only ones he hit were the third and tenth. He came to rest with a squattering thud on the lower landing, and for a moment or two the fever of the chase left him.(P.G. Wodehouse, Leave It to Psmith, 1923)

Compare the efficiency outcomes of the model of perfect competition Essay

Compare the efficiency outcomes of the model of perfect competition with that of monopoly markets. Discuss and evaluate the gove - Essay Example Perfect Competition Perfect competition is a model of market structure which attains what can one call efficient distribution of scarce resources. Such efficient allocation is attained due to the profit-maximizing level of goods manufactured by a seamlessly aggressive company results in the marginal cost and price becoming equal (Stigler 1957). As far as short run is concerned, this includes the short-run marginal cost and price being equal. On the other hand, in the longer duration this is observed with the parity between price and long-run marginal cost. In the short run the production of a homogenous product being produced by many other firms is efficient since the price is the same as marginal cost (Mankiw 2003). In other words the worth of the homogeneous product manufacturing is equivalent to the marginal cost of sacrificed satisfaction. Perfect competition creates efficient allocation of resources in the long run also. The long-run fine-tuning of companies arriving and leaving the industry as each of the companies in the business maximizes profits hence creating the subsequent long-run equilibrium state: P = SRMC = LRMC = SRAC = LRAC (Latzko 2012) Graphs above are showing perfect competition. ... Since consumer does not have any other options he or she is faced to buy from the single supplier. Economists recognize several ways of measuring or talking about the ways economies may be efficient; some of the most common include efficiency of scale, productive efficiency, technical efficiency, allocated efficiency, dynamic efficiency and social efficiency (Pindyck and Rubinfeld 2008). Efficiency types are not mutually exclusive; more than one can describe a market or economy. (Web-books 2012) Graph above is showing monopoly market determination of profit. Efficiency of Scale When a producer makes more of something, usually the expense of manufacturing per unit falls. There is limit to this effect; eventually, producing a greater quantity will no longer pay off. When production approaches this limit, there exists efficiency of scale (McConnell, Brue and Flynn 2011). Productive Efficiency Productive efficiency is achieved when a producer uses the least amount of resources to produce goods or services relative to others. The manufacturer might attain this by taking advantage of economies of scale or by utilizing the benefit of having the most helpful manufacturing technology, the lowest paid workers or negligible manufacturing waste. Technical Efficiency A prerequisite for allocative efficiency, technical efficiency describes production that has the least likely opportunity cost. Material and labor resources are not wasted in the production of goods or services in technically efficient production. When it's achieved, technical efficiency allows for but doesn't guarantee allocative efficiency. Allocative Efficiency When a society's value for a certain good or service (the amount they pay for it) is in equilibrium with the cost of

Investment research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investment research - Essay Example Similarly, appended graph 1 shows the variations of these companies’ returns over the same period of time. We can see in the graph that the National Australian Bank and Westpac Banking show the greatest variation amongst the five options. This signifies the high risk involvement. Nonetheless, Woolworths shows the least variation and a moderate return and appears to be the best option for investment. The picture will be further clarified with the help of average returns and risk measurements. Woolworths is the best option amongst the five investment options as seen in appended table 2. The company provides one of the best returns with least amount of risk involvement. Similarly, Telstra also seems to be a viable option for the investment as it provides a moderate return with least risk entanglements. However, greater returns involve higher risks. Westpac Banking provides the highest returns amongst the options; nonetheless, it is also the riskiest option amongst them. On the other hand, National Australian Bank is one of the worst options to be availed as it provides the least return with a high risk factor. Thus, E must see the highest investment in the portfolio. However, in a portfolio, we need to balance our investment. We will need to make investments in all the five options so that we can earn a moderate return in all the situations. Since, Woolworths is the best possible company; therefore it must see the largest chuck of the investment. Similarly, another major chuck must be invested in Telstra. The other companies must only see a small chuck of investment to balance the

Pitiful Happy Loman of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Pitiful Happy Loman of Death of a Salesman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, Happy Loman is distinguished by his exorbitant insecurity.   He constantly relies on other people's opinions to make his own decisions.   His degrading attitude towards women makes him an immature man.   The reason his is so insecure is because of the example that is set by his father, Willy.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Happy is always following the opinions of other people.   Whether it's his father Willy, or his mother Linda, he consistently makes sure that his opinion coincides with everyone else's.   When Willy asks Biff if Oliver gave him a good welcome, Happy intrudes, crying "Sure, pop, sure (107)." He continues to tell lies to his father because he wants to agree with him and make him happy (107-8).   When Happy and Biff come home after deserting their father at the restaurant, Happy attempts to cool his mom's anger by saying "But, Mom, he had a great time with us...(120)"   By telling people what they want to hear, Happy thinks he will be well liked and accepted.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Happy's approach to women is quite despicable.   Rather than trying to settle down with someone, he goes through one girl after another.   All that he cares about is having sex with women, not about having a relationship.   Happy brags to his brother about his conquest of sleeping with women who are engaged to be married (25).   In a conniving attempt to pick her up, he lies to the girl in the restaurant saying, "I sell champagne, and I'd like you to try my brand.   Bring her a champagne, Stanley (101)."   He eventually deserts his father at the restaurant, rushing the girls out, eager to make a move on one (115).   Happy needs to grow up and start treating women like people, not pieces of meat.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Happy's insecurity stems from his father's behavior towards him. When Happy was in high school, Willy didn't pay as much attention to him as he did to Biff.   In Willy's eyes, Happy wasn't good enough.   Therefore, Happy was always trying live up to his expectations and please him.   He

Evolution of Women in the Military

The Evolution of Women in the Military Abstract Women are without doubt an integral part of the military services. It took the determination of women throughout history to pave the way for the 400,000, women that serve today. From the early years of the military to the present conflict in Afghanistan, women have made continuous progress towards equality. It is through their contributions that the military has evolved, consistently opening more jobs to women in combat. Time has proven that war does not discriminate; a successful military uses the strengths of all members despite their gender.The Evolution of Women in the Military Women in Military History Although not officially enlisted into the services, women have been a part of the military dating back to the American Revolutionary War. Throughout history, they have challenged the norms of society and pursued their dedication to the Nation, fighting for our freedom. Women in the military have fought through challenges and obstacle s in both fighting for equality and establishing their roles in combat. It is clear that the military services would not be what they are today without their contributions and sacrifices.The Early Years From the American Revolutionary War through the Civil War women contributed to the war in both conventional and unconventional ways. In serving as what we would call today Combat Service Support, they took care of the wounded, brought water to troops, provided laundry services, and served as cooks. Many women directly supported the cause by disguising themselves as men in order to fight in the war. Two such documented cases were Deborah Sampson during the American Revolutionary War and Elizabeth Newcom during the Mexican War.Sampson served in the Continental Forces for over a year, she only earned half of the pension the men received during that time. Newcom enlisted in the Missouri volunteer Infantry and marched for over 600 miles. Once discovered, the military discharged her with n o benefits. There were also several women who fought alongside their husbands with no pay or benefits. If their husbands received wounds during the conflict, they did not hesitate for a second to step in and continue the fight. One of the most well-known women of the Civil War was Dr. Mary Walker.She was unable to find a paying job in the military simply because she was a woman, She volunteered on the front lines, saving thousands of lives. Although the military did not call these women â€Å"Soldiers,† at that time, I would argue that their actions and contributions whether directly in the fight or support were that of Soldiers. From the Spanish American War in 1898 to 1908 women continued to progress. With the number of casualties from the war overwhelming the medical system, the military services were in dire need of help. They had no choice but to allow women into the services, but continued to restrict them as contract workers only.By the war’s end, the Army hired over 1,500 nurse contractors that served at hospitals throughout the world. The performance of the contract nurses was not without notice; this prompted Dr McGee to write legislation creating a permanent corps of nurses. This was a major turning point for women in the military, which resulted in the first woman appointed as the Acting Assistant Surgeon General, Dr. Anita Newcomb McGee. It was evident that the Army could not meet the demands of the war without the use of women resulting in the establishment of the Army Nurses Corp in 1901 and the Navy Nurse Corp in 1908 (â€Å"Highlights in History,† n. . ). The period of World War I and World War II brought significant advancements for women in the military although it would prove that women were expendable. After the passing of the Selective Service Act and the draft initiated, there were over 4. 8 million men served fighting in the war. This had a significant impact on the women of the nation not only were they needed to f ill the millions of jobs left on the home front, but the military needed the women to free the men of noncombatant duties. The Navy and Marines were the first to enlist women ignoring red tape from congress.The Navy enlisted over 12,000 Yeomen and 1,500 nurses and the Marines enlisted over 300 women in the reserves as telephone operators and clerks. The Army unofficially enlisted over 21,000 nurses as contract workers and volunteers. The Army Signal Corp trained over 300 bilingual telephone operators and stenographers. At the end of the war, the military did not recognize women for their service or consider them Veterans. For example, the telephone operators left the military with little appreciation, receiving no ceremonies and no formal discharge or benefits. These women erformed duties no less important than the men did and the mission would have failed without them, yet the military was able to dismiss them with no concern for their contributions. In 1979, the Army reviewed the women’s service and determined that they performed duties as any other Soldier had. They gave them full recognition; unfortunately, for many it was too late, they passed away never receiving the title of â€Å"Veteran. † As women volunteered for service for a resistant military, compared to the many men that the government drafted it was clear the military did not appreciate their commitment, sacrifices and value the worth of women.This was evident by the Army Reorganization Act in 1920, which granted military nurses â€Å"relative rank† of an officer, not receiving the same pay, benefits, and privileges as that of male officers of the same rank (â€Å"Chronicles of,† 2007). As World War II began, the military could not ignore the contribution of women during World War I and knew they could not fight another war without them. During World War II, over 400,000 women served in the military in both the United States and Overseas. We know World War II for the number of women that served; emphasizing both the need for women in the military and their commitment to duty.However, women would bear many challenges during this time. Women in the military continued to go against the norms of society that considered womens place to be at home taking care of the home and family. The majority of men in the military did not accept them as equals; although they held many positions previously only held by men. The problems with date rape and slander continued. According to Gruhzit-Hoyt (1995), a quote heard often among men in the Navy, they had â€Å"joined the navy to ride the WAVES† (Women Accepted for Volunteer Service).These challenges continue to exist even in today's military. Highly trained women were underutilized and ranked far below their duties and responsibilities. It was common for higher ranking individuals to assign some women as babysitters and personal servants. The Corps of Engineers and Medical Services used their assigned w omen as â€Å"mop commandos† (Weatherford, 1990). One example is of a private named Mary McMillin. She held the womens world altitude record in parachuting, having jumped from 24,800 feet and known for her work as a daredevil in the flying circus.Her duties in the Army were to pack parachutes for young men who had never jumped before in their lives (Weatherford, 1990). The rank of women during this time was far below that of men. One such case was Oveta Culp Hobby; she was responsible for over 60,000 women, formed an organization from scratch, and took on complex missions. Her rank was Colonel, which compared to the rank of a man who would command no more than 500 Soldiers (Weatherford, 1990). These are only a few examples but women felt the inequality throughout the military for many years.Women not only had the issues of being a female in the military, but they dealt with the same issues that the men did being at war. They had substandard living conditions, which were somet imes worse than the mens, lack of supplies and fear of the Enemy. In 1942, the Japanese held sixty-seven women for over two years as Prisoners of War (POW). They also captured five Navy nurses holding them for five months and a second group, holding them for 37 months. The Japanese treated the women worse than the men POW, raping and harassing them on a consistent basis.These events further supported the view of the majority of society who believed the military service was no place for a woman. This did not stop women from fighting to be in the services. By the end of the war, the military made significant strides in establishing women into the military. All services had developed either a corps or reserve for women; the Army established the WAC, the Air Force established the Women Air force Service Pilots (WASP), the Navy established the Women Excepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), and the Marines and Coast Guard established the Women’s Reserves.It is hard to imag ine how the war would have ended without the 400,000 women that served. Nether less, it was clear that history would repeat itself and once again, the military dismissed the majority of women even if more qualified than their male counterparts. Time for Change The years following World War II through Post Korean War would bring much change and initial uncertainty for women in the services, yet would prove to be a time of positive and lasting change. In 1945, the WAC closed for enlistment, closing all training centers.The number of women in the WAC decreased from over 150,000, to barely 3,000. Although some women were happy to return home to their lives before the war, found that they had the need and passion to do more. The Army realized the need to maintain women in the regular Army, therefore, a year later the Army Chief of Staff Gen Dwight D. Eisenhower began the process of making the WAC a permanent part of the Army. After three years with Lt. Col. Mary Louise Milligan leading t he way, President Truman signed the Women’s Armed Service’s Integration Act. This was a historic time for women throughout all services.The first enlisted women entered the Regular Army was in July 1948, and the first WAC officers received Regular Army appointments in December 1948 (â€Å"Women in the,† n. d. ). This opened the door for the military to recognize women for their service and made it possible for women to make the military a career. It was through the Korean War and the years following that women would begin to understand what being part of the Regular Army would mean. The Army recalled many Officers for duty and involuntarily extended those enlisted that had planned to leave the military.More than 500 women served in the combat zone. The Koreans killed Seventeen women during the war, which was considerably less than World War II; fortunately, the military gave these women the same courtesies and benefits as the men. Following the Korean War, more positions opened to women, and training available for women increased tremendously. A true testament to women fully integrating into the services is the addition of reenlistment bonuses and pay increases and for the first time implementation of uniforms for women.Women could finally say that they were officially part of the United States military organization although the battle for true equality was far from won. The military’s expectations of women were in contradiction to the growing feminist movement in the United States during the Vietnam War but would eventually have to adhere to the expectations of the nation (â€Å"Highlights in History,† n. d. ). The military expected women to look like women. They were to dress appropriately in skirts and high heels, where make up, and use appropriate ladylike manners.These guidelines even applied to the women in Vietnam. The military spent money to retrain women to perform what they considered a womens work, such as typing a nd cooking, even if trained and proficient in other technical skills. These actions further restricted promotions for women making them uncompetitive and ineligible for promotion to Admiral or General. Eventually the military could no longer go against the demands of female service members for equality; congress voted to allow womens promotion to higher pay grades to include Admiral and General in 1967. â€Å"Women in the,† n. d. ). This movement would propel many firsts for women throughout the Vietnam War to include; first woman enlisted in the Air National Guard, promoted to Brigadier General, aircraft maintenance officer, promoted to Major General, first naval vessel sails with female and male crew, and the Army’s first woman helicopter pilot. Although this was a step in the right direction, there was still a long road to equality. The Armed Services Committee of the US House of Representatives made the following statement making that clear. †¦ here cannot be complete equality between men and women in the matter of military careers. The stern demands of combat, sea duty, and other types of assignments directly related to combat are not placed upon women in our society. †¦ It is recognized that a male officer in arriving at the point where he may be considered for general and flag rank passes through a crucible to which the woman officer is not subjected—such as combat, long tours at sea, and other dangers and isolation (â€Å"Women in the,† n. d. ). From the post Vietnam Era to the present, women continued to earn their way to the highest ranks in the military.They took on the toughest jobs and assignments and proved that they were as capable as men to complete the most complex missions. During this time, women enter into the service academies and graduate, a woman commands a major military installation, the first African-American woman promoted to Brigadier General. During Operation Just Cause in Panama, two woman Com mand companies and the list continues. Women would continue to show their relevance through Operation Iraqi Freedom and presently in Operation Enduring Freedom.Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) would prove to be both a time for women to excel and time of great challenges for women in the military. There have been more women killed in OIF than in any war since World War II with over 200,000 deployed. Unfortunately, the war itself has not been the only challenge. The biggest challenge has come from within our own ranks. According to several studies of the US military funded by the Department of Veteran Affairs, 30% of military women are raped while serving, 71% are sexually assaulted, and 90% are sexually harassed (Benedict, 2009).While deployed leadership issues women whistles, ordered them to stay with battle buddies. Is this what a Soldier deserves while fighting for her country? With the increase of sexual misconduct, the military has taken a more proactive approach to training and has given victims more options for reporting. Although not officially authorized to serve in direct combat, they are. They conduct patrol, female searches at checkpoints and serve as pilots just to name a few. This has led to the debate of womens roles in combat. Womans Roles in Combat Women’s roles in combat have been a subject of debate.Both in the military and within society, people believe that women do not belong in direct combat or on the front lines. Those that do support women in combat argue that some, not all women are just as capable as men to perform combat duties and should be afforded the same opportunities as men in the military. There are compelling arguments on both sides, but the truth is that women will continue to fight for equal treatment in all facets of the military. Although the thought of women fighting on the front lines of combat is at times difficult to imagine, it is reality.There are concerns with physical capab ility, mental ability, and effects on the unit. The opposition says that women are caretakers, nurturers, life givers and everything that combat entails goes against those roles. Combat as defined by General Robert Barrow, former commandant of the US Marine Corps, â€Å"exposure to danger is not combat. Being shot at, even being killed, is not combat. Combat is finding†¦closing with†¦and killing or capturing the enemy. It is killing, and it’s done in an environment that is often as difficult as you can possibly imagine†¦Brutality.Death. Dying. It’s uncivilized! And women can’t do it† (Muir, 1992, p. 3). This statement is very broad and stereotypes all women. However, not all women are the same and many women want the same opportunity to fight and die if need be for their country. Another common argument is that women do not have the physical strength and stamina to conduct combat missions. Most would agree that the majority of women, as wit h many men, are not physically capable to perform combat duties. Therefore, the military should develop a physical test to determine MOS eligibility.This would enable the most qualified personnel to perform in combat, regardless of sex. Is a woman mentally capable of killing, can they pull the trigger? Women may go through a different decision-making process than a man, although with training, and mission analysis, they will do what they have to do. Combat has an effect on all service members. Women will have post combat issues, but no different than men. Effects on the units can be minimal if the military develops a slow and deliberate plan to integrate women into the units.Change is difficult, but we are a Military that must adapt to a constantly changing environment. As with the repeal of â€Å"Don’t ask, Don’t tell† it is the leader’s responsibility to educate, train, and enforce changes that in the end state will only make us a stronger military. The Military Leadership Diversity Committee is currently in support of women fulfilling combat roles. It is clear that women have been serving in combat roles unofficially for years. Units have cleverly attached women to combat units instead of assigning them or simply tasking them to perform missions in direct combat.The mission will place many women not attached or tasked in direct combat with the enemy meeting the exact definition of General Robert Barrow. Therefore, the reality is that women are on the front lines, and it is time that the military opens all jobs to women. Considering the major contributions of women, and the impact they had on the military, it is imperative that the military gives women the same opportunities to serve their country as their male counterparts. Contributions of Women throughout History Many legendary women throughout military history are not well known.Early in history they did not serve in legitimate roles; therefore, nobody wrote about or recognize d them until many years later. Yet it is important to understand without their contributions things may be different today. Catherine Moore Barry was primarily responsible for General Morgan defeating Gen Cornwallis at Cowpens during the Revolutionary War, which ultimately resulted in the Colonies winning their independence from Britain. Rose O’Neal Greenhow who became one of the best-known spies during the Civil War sent a message to Gen Beauregard resulting in him taking Bull Run.Col Ruby Bradley who is the most decorated Army Nurse served for 34 years, participating in the WWII and the Korean War. More recently, Maj Marie Therese Rossi, she was the first female combat Commander to fly into battle. She paid the ultimate sacrifice when her helicopter crashed in March 1991. Finally, Sgt Leigh Ann Hester who is the first female to receive the Silver Star Medal since World War II. These are only a few examples of woman’s contributions throughout the years, but if they ha d been there where would we be today. ConclusionFrom the days of the Revolutionary War when women disguised themselves as men to fight in the war to today when women are closer than ever to equal treatment as the men they serve alongside of, they have endured through numerous challenges and obstacles. Women battled against sexual harassment and assault, rape, slander and unequal pay and benefits. During the early wars, many underestimated the value of women. Commanders in charge did not want women in their ranks. As time and war, progressed Commanders had a newfound respect for females in their units and would ask for them over the men.Although the military had become dependent on women to fill the noncombat positions, they immediately discharged them at the war's end until 1948 when they enlisted in the Regular Army. From this point on women had fought the uphill battle to today in 2012 when congress opened another 14,000 jobs for women closer to the front lines. Through their cont ributions, sacrifices and determination women’s relevance in the military is clear; they have challenged the norms of society and assisted in the success of the military we know today as the best in the world. References Benedict, H. (2009). The lonely soldier.Boston, MA: Beacon Press Books. Chronicle of nursing. (2007). Retrieved from http://www. asrn. org/jouranl-chronicle-nursing/207-military-nursing. html Gruhzit-Hoyt, O. (1995). They also served. New York, NY: Carol Publishing Group. Highlights in the history of military women. (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. womensmemorial. org/Education/timeline. html Muir, K. (1992). Arms and the women. London, England: Sinclair-Stevenson Limited. Weatherford, D. (1990). American women and world war II. New York, NY: Facts on File. Women in the U. S. Army. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. army. mil/women/newera. html

Essay on The Logic of Care by Annemarie Mol - 1310 Words

Introduction The Logic of Care is a philosophic book. The book is written from a patient perspective. Therefore it is easy to understand and easy to read. This review is written for people working in the health care and for the patient’s movement. It is important that people in the health care start thinking about the choices the patients have to make. Content of the book The author of the book â€Å"The Logic of Care† is Annemarie Mol. Mol is a Dutch ethnographer and philosopher. Mol describes how the ideal of choosing clashes with the reality of living with a sick body. Her book was published in 2006. The Logic of Care is a philosophical book, with applications and examples from the healthcare. The book investigates what good care is.†¦show more content†¦Rather than engaging in a transaction, they interact so as to best accommodate the exigencies of the disease with the habits, requirements and possibilities of daily life. Thus care is not a limited product, but an ongoing process. The ideal of patient choice presupposes professionals who bound themselves to presenting facts and using instruments. In a consult, a professional is supposed to give information, after which the patient can evaluate his or her values and come to a choice. However, facts do not precede choices and activities, but depend on what is hoped for and on what can be done. Choosing is rarely enough to actually realize it. The logic of choice adopt that we are separate individuals who form a public when we are added together. In contrast, in the logic of care, we do not start out as individuals, but always belong to publics already. The totals of which we are a part may be named and described in various ways. One of the requirements of good care is that such categories are created wisely. But how and for whom are the requirements of good care created? These questions emerge in care practices again and again. Categories are not given once and for all, but need to be made and adapted. They need to be outlined in such a way that they contribute to good care. Care for a population is not just a sum total of the care for a lot of individuals. Individuals require different kinds of care (Mol, 2008). The writer